Reverse Osmosis

The reverse osmosis separation technology is used to remove dissolved impurities from water through the user of a semi-permeable membrane. The RO process is the reversal of flow through a membrane from a high salinity, or concentrated, solution to the high purity, or permeate, stream on the opposite side of the membrane. Pressure is used as the driving force for the separation. The applied pressure (P) must be in excess of the osmotic pressure of the dissolved contaminants to allow flow across the membrane.

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange is a process that includes two very similar application of the same technology. The first is water softening. This is the process of removing ions from the water and replacing them with sodium ions and chloride ions. Second application is deionization. In deionization, the hardness and other ions that are initially in the water are removed and replaced with H+ and OH- ions, which can combine to form water.

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Sand Filtration

Sand filtration is frequently used and very robust method to remove suspended solids form water. The filtration medium consists of a multiple layer of sand with a variety in size and specific gravity. Sand filters can be supplied in different sizes and materials both hand operated or fully automatically.
Application for sand filtration:
Preparation of cooling water Production of drinking water Filtration in swimming pools Pre filtration for membrane systems Filtration of grey or surface water.